Ikirahure cyavukiye bwa mbere muri Egiputa, kigaragara kandi gikoreshwa, kandi gifite amateka yimyaka irenga 4000.Ikirahuri cy'ubucuruzi cyatangiye kugaragara mu kinyejana cya 12 nyuma ya Yesu.Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe niterambere ryinganda, ikirahure cyahindutse ibintu byingirakamaro mubuzima bwa buri munsi, kandi gukoresha ibirahuri byo murugo nabyo biriyongera.zitandukanye.Mu kinyejana cya 18, kugira ngo hashobore gukenerwa telesikopi, hakozwe ibirahuri bya optique.Mu 1874, ikirahure kibisi cyakozwe bwa mbere mu Bubiligi.Mu 1906, Amerika yakoze imashini yinjiza ibirahuri.Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe ninganda nubunini bwibikorwa byibirahure, ibirahuri bifite imikoreshereze itandukanye nibikorwa byagaragaye nyuma yikindi.Mu bihe bya none, ikirahure cyabaye ikintu cyingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi, umusaruro na siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ubu hashize imyaka irenga 3.000, ubwato bw’abacuruzi bo mu Burayi bw’Abanyafenisiya bwari bwuzuye minerval “soda naturel” maze bwerekeza ku ruzi rwa Beluth ku nyanja ya Mediterane.Kubera umuvuduko muke w'inyanja, ubwato bw'abacuruzi bwirukaga hirya no hino, ku buryo abakozi babaga binjiye ku mucanga umwe umwe.Bamwe mu bakozi kandi bazanye inkono nini n’ibiti, kandi bakoresha uduce duke twa “soda naturel” nk'inkunga y'inkono nini yo guteka ku mucanga.
Abakozi barangije kurya, umuraba watangiye kwiyongera.Igihe bari hafi gupakira no kwurira ubwato kugira ngo bakomeze kugenda, umuntu yahise atera hejuru ati: “Umuntu wese, ngwino urebe, hano hari ibintu bimeze neza kandi byaka cyane ku mucanga munsi y'inkono!”
Abakozi bajyanye ibyo bintu bimurika mu bwato barabyiga bitonze.Basanze umucanga wa quartz hamwe na soda yashonze byashizwe kuri ibyo bintu byiza.Biragaragara ko ibyo bintu byaka cyane ari soda isanzwe bakoresheje mu gukora inkono mugihe batekaga.Bitewe numuriro, bakoresheje imiti yumucanga wa quartz kumusenyi.Iki nicyo kirahure cyambere.Nyuma, Abanyafoyinike bahujije umucanga wa quartz na soda karemano, hanyuma babishongesha mu itanura ryihariye kugirango bakore imipira yikirahure, bituma Abanyafenisiya batunga.
Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 4, Abanyaroma ba kera batangiye gukoresha ibirahuri ku miryango no ku madirishya.Kugeza mu 1291, Ubutaliyani ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibirahuri ryari rimaze gutera imbere.
Muri ubwo buryo, abanyabukorikori b'ibirahuri bo mu Butaliyani boherejwe ku kirwa cyitaruye kugira ngo bakore ibirahure, kandi ntibemerewe kuva kuri icyo kirwa mu buzima bwabo.
Mu 1688, umugabo witwa Nuff yahimbye inzira yo gukora ibice binini by'ibirahure, kandi kuva icyo gihe, ikirahure cyahindutse ikintu rusange.
Mu myaka amagana, abantu bizeraga ko ikirahuri ari icyatsi kandi kidashobora guhinduka.Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko ibara ry'icyatsi rituruka ku cyuma gito mu bikoresho fatizo, kandi ikomatanya ry'icyuma cya fer fer bituma ikirahure kigaragara nk'icyatsi.Nyuma yo kongeramo dioxyde ya manganese, icyuma cyambere gihwanye gihinduka icyuma gike kandi gihinduka umuhondo, mugihe tetravalent manganese igabanuka ikagera kuri manganese kandi igahinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe.Muburyo bwiza, umuhondo nubururu birashobora kuzuzanya kurwego runaka.Iyo bivanze hamwe kugirango bibe urumuri rwera, ikirahure ntikizagira ibara.Nyamara, nyuma yimyaka itari mike, manganese ntoya izakomeza guhumeka ikirere, kandi ibara ry'umuhondo rizagenda ryiyongera buhoro buhoro, bityo ikirahuri cyidirishya ryayo mazu ya kera kizaba umuhondo gake.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-11-2023
